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The Elements of a Comprehensive Eye Health Exam and Vision Analysis

The American Optometric Association (AOA) recommends the following information be gathered and tests be performed during a comprehensive eye examination:

  • Chief Complaint
    assessment of the patient's reason for getting an eye exam
  • General Physical Health History
    complete health history to screen for physical conditions and medications that may affect eyesight
  • General Ocular Health History
    complete eye health history including family history of eye conditions, disease, or medication
  • External and Internal Eye Health Evaluation
    examination for the signs of eye disorders, including cataracts and other eye disorders
  • Current Prescription Analysis
    evaluation of current lens prescription, if applicable
  • Visual Acuity
    test for the eyes' ability to see sharply and clearly at all distances
  • Refraction
    test for the eyes' ability to focus light rays properly on the retina at distances and close by
  • Tonometry
    test to measure internal fluid pressure of the eye (increased pressure may be an early sign of glaucoma)
  • Visual Coordination
    check for external eye muscle balance and coordination
  • Accommodative Ability
    test of the eyes' ability to change focus from distance to near
    An exam may also include tests for color vision and depth perception, visual fields, and other vision skills, as needed.

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